The book explores the complex interplay between modernity and traditional beliefs in Japan during the Meiji era, focusing on how the country grappled with the presence of supernatural entities and folklore amidst rapid Westernization and technological advancement. It delves into the cultural and social dynamics that allowed these mythical creatures and narratives to persist and adapt, reflecting broader tensions between progress and tradition. Through examining various media and cultural expressions, the book highlights how these "monsters" served as a means for negotiating identity and confronting the uncertainties of a rapidly changing world.